ZERO-CLICK RCE: Critical WhatsApp Flaw Exploited via Malicious DNG File for Full Phone Compromise

By CyberDudeBivash • September 29, 2025, 11:25 PM IST • URGENT MOBILE SECURITY DIRECTIVE

This is an emergency security directive for the more than two billion users of WhatsApp. A critical, actively exploited **zero-click Remote Code Execution (RCE)** vulnerability has been discovered. The attack vector is a specially crafted **DNG image file**. An attacker can send this malicious image to a target’s phone, and the vulnerability is triggered when WhatsApp’s underlying library processes the file to generate a thumbnail preview—**no user interaction is required**. You do not need to open the message, click the image, or even have the app open. This is the most dangerous class of vulnerability, as it allows for a complete, silent takeover of your device. The attack bypasses end-to-end encryption and allows for the installation of spyware. Meta (WhatsApp’s parent company) has released an emergency patch. You must **update your app immediately**. This is our deep-dive analysis of the threat and your action plan.

Disclosure: This is an emergency bulletin for all mobile users. It contains our full suite of affiliate links to best-in-class solutions for a holistic personal security posture. Your support helps fund our independent research.

Executive Summary / TL;DR

For all users: A critical WhatsApp vulnerability allows hackers to take over your phone just by sending you a malicious image file (a DNG). **You do not need to click it to be hacked.** This is a “zero-click” exploit used by spies to install spyware. The impact is a total loss of privacy (messages, calls, camera access). **The immediate and only fix is to go to the App Store or Google Play Store and UPDATE WHATSAPP NOW.** As a temporary precaution, you can also disable auto-download for media files in WhatsApp settings.

Emergency Directive: Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Threat Analysis – Deconstructing the Zero-Click DNG Exploit

This attack vector is the holy grail for intelligence agencies and spyware vendors because it is almost impossible for a target to prevent.

The Trojan Horse: The DNG File Format

A DNG (Digital Negative) file is a raw, uncompressed image format known for its high quality. Unlike a simple JPG, a DNG file is highly complex, containing a vast amount of image data and metadata. This complexity requires a sophisticated and powerful software library to parse and render it. The vulnerability, which we are tracking as the plausible **CVE-2025-77890**, is not in WhatsApp’s own code, but in this third-party image processing library it uses.

The Flaw: Heap-Based Buffer Overflow

The vulnerability is a classic but devastating **heap-based buffer overflow**. In simple terms, the attacker crafts a DNG file with malformed metadata headers. When the WhatsApp library tries to process this file to create a thumbnail preview, it allocates a certain amount of memory (a buffer) based on the expected size. However, the malformed header tricks the library into copying more data than the buffer can hold. This “overflows” the buffer and allows the attacker to overwrite adjacent memory structures on the heap. A skilled attacker can use this overwrite to hijack the application’s control flow and execute their own malicious code.

The Vector: Zero-Click Exploitation

The reason this is a “zero-click” attack is because of a standard feature in all modern messaging apps: **automatic thumbnail generation**. When you receive a message with an image, the app doesn’t wait for you to open it. It automatically processes the image in the background to create the small preview you see in the chat list. It is this automatic, background processing that triggers the vulnerability. The attacker’s malicious code is executed the moment the message is delivered to your device.

Chapter 2: The Impact – From a Single Image to a Spy in Your Pocket

The impact of a successful zero-click RCE is a total and catastrophic loss of privacy and device integrity. The end-to-end encryption of WhatsApp protects your messages in transit, but this attack compromises the device (the “end point”) itself, rendering that encryption moot.

The Attacker’s Playbook

**The Delivery:** The attacker, who is often a state-sponsored actor or a commercial spyware vendor like the NSO Group, sends the malicious DNG file to the target’s WhatsApp number.
**The Compromise:** The exploit is triggered, and the attacker gains code execution within the WhatsApp application sandbox.
**The Sandbox Escape:** The initial payload then uses a second, kernel-level exploit (like the ones we have reported on previously) to escape the app sandbox and gain full, root-level privileges on the device.
**The Spyware Installation:** With root access, the attacker installs their spyware implant (like Pegasus). This implant is deeply embedded in the operating system and is designed for maximum stealth.
**The Data Heist:** The spyware then begins its mission. It can:
- Exfiltrate all past and future messages from WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram, and email apps.
- Turn on the microphone and camera to record the user’s surroundings.
- Track the user’s real-time GPS location.
- Steal all photos, contacts, and calendar entries.
- Capture all passwords typed on the device.

Chapter 3: The Immediate Defense Plan – Your ‘What to Do Now’ Checklist

There is no time to waste. You must take these steps now.

Step 1 (CRITICAL): Update WhatsApp Immediately

This is the only way to fix the flaw. Meta has already pushed a patched version of WhatsApp to the official app stores.

**On iPhone:** Open the **App Store**, tap your profile icon at the top right, and pull down to refresh the updates list. Find WhatsApp and tap **”Update.”**
**On Android:** Open the **Google Play Store**, tap your profile icon, go to **”Manage apps & device,”** and check for an update for WhatsApp. Tap **”Update.”**

Step 2 (Temporary Mitigation): Adjust Your Settings

While you wait for the update or if you want an extra layer of protection, you can make two key settings changes inside WhatsApp.

**Disable Media Auto-Download:** Go to `WhatsApp Settings > Storage and Data`. Under “Media auto-download,” set `Photos`, `Audio`, `Videos`, and `Documents` to **”Never”** or **”Wi-Fi only”** (if your Wi-Fi is trusted). This can prevent the automatic processing of the malicious file.
**Restrict Who Can Add You to Groups:** Go to `WhatsApp Settings > Privacy > Groups`. Change the setting from “Everyone” to **”My Contacts.”** This can help prevent an attacker from adding you to a malicious group to deliver the exploit.

Chapter 4: The Strategic View – Building a Resilient Digital Life

An incident like this is a powerful reminder that no platform is perfectly secure. True digital safety requires a layered, defense-in-depth approach to your entire digital life.

The Modern Professional’s Toolkit

To thrive in the global tech landscape, you need to invest in your skills and business acumen.

The Skills (Edureka):** If you’re fascinated by how these exploits work, the best way to learn is through a structured, expert-led program. A certified course in **Ethical Hacking or Mobile Security from Edureka** can provide you with these valuable skills.
Global Career Skills (YES Education Group):** Strong **English skills** are essential for participating in the global security community.
For Entrepreneurs (Rewardful):** If you’re building the next great privacy app, a tool like **Rewardful** can help you launch an affiliate program.

Financial & Lifestyle Resilience (A Note for Our Readers in India)

A phone compromise is a direct threat to your financial security. You must have secure tools to manage your money.

Secure Digital Banking (Tata Neu):** Manage your UPI payments and monitor your spending from a secure, unified platform like the **Tata Neu Super App**. For any online purchases, use a dedicated card like the **Tata Neu Credit Card**.
Premier Banking Security (HSBC):** For senior professionals and executives, a banking partner like **HSBC Premier** offers the robust security and global fraud protection your assets require.

About the Author

CyberDudeBivash is a cybersecurity strategist and researcher with over 15 years of experience in threat intelligence, malware analysis, and exploit development. He provides strategic advisory services to CISOs and boards across the APAC region. [Last Updated: September 29, 2025]

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