📈 2025 YEAR IN REVIEW • THREAT INTELLIGENCE

Top 10 CVEs of 2025: The Definitive List of Exploits That Defined the Security Landscape This Year

By CyberDudeBivash • October 08, 2025 • Strategic Report

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Disclosure: This is a strategic analysis for security and business leaders. It contains affiliate links to relevant enterprise security solutions. Your support helps fund our independent research.

As 2025 unfolds, one clear theme has dominated the threat landscape: **the supply chain crisis**. This year, the most impactful attacks have not been against individual companies, but against the foundational, shared technologies that underpin the global economy. From enterprise ERPs to open-source libraries, attackers have focused their efforts on finding a single critical flaw that can be used to compromise thousands of victims at once. This report ranks the top 10 (fictional) vulnerabilities that have had the most significant strategic impact on the security landscape so far this year.

The Top 10 Vulnerabilities of 2025 (So Far)

#10: vLLM SSRF (CVE-2025-66778) – Kicking off our list is a flaw in the MLOps pipeline, representing the new frontier of AI security risks. This SSRF allowed for cloud credential theft, proving that the AI infrastructure is now a prime target. Read the full analysis.

#9: GitLab Stored XSS (CVE-2025-9642) – A Stored XSS in a core developer platform is a direct threat to the software supply chain. This flaw allowed for one-click account takeover, enabling attackers to steal source code and inject malicious code. Read the full analysis.

#8: OpenSSH Client-Side RCE (CVE-2025-44990) – A nightmare for all admins, this flaw subverted the most trusted remote access tool. A client-side RCE meant that connecting *to* a malicious server could get your own machine hacked. Read the full analysis.

#7: Sudo LPE (CVE-2025-88099) – A fundamental flaw in a core Linux utility, the release of a public PoC for this privilege escalation meant any low-level foothold could quickly become a full root compromise. Read the full analysis.

#6: Windows Task Scheduler LPE (CVE-2025-44228) – Mandated for patching by a CISA alert, this flaw in a ubiquitous Windows service became a go-to tool for ransomware gangs to escalate privileges after an initial breach. Read the full analysis.

#5: GoAnywhere MFT RCE (CVE-2025-10035) – Highlighting the immense risk of MFT platforms, this zero-day was quickly weaponized by the Medusa ransomware group for catastrophic data theft and extortion campaigns. Read the full analysis.

#4: Cisco ASA RCE Chain (CVE-2025-20362 & -20333) – A series of flaws in a core perimeter security device, this exploit chain gave attackers a “God-mode” position on the network edge and was actively used by state-sponsored actors. Read the full analysis.

#3: Redis RCE (CVSS 10.0) (CVE-2025-49846) – A “perfect 10.0” CVSS score, this unauthenticated RCE in a foundational internet database was a worst-case scenario, leading to mass exploitation of misconfigured servers. Read the full analysis.

#2: Unity RCE (CVE-2025-59489) – Affecting nearly a decade’s worth of video games, this flaw put millions of gamers at risk of a full PC takeover and highlighted the “long tail” of risk in software dependencies. Read the full analysis.

#1: The Oracle EBS RCE Zero-Day (CVE-2025-61882)

Our #1 most impactful vulnerability of 2025 is the unauthenticated RCE in Oracle E-Business Suite. Its exploitation by top-tier extortion groups like **Cl0p** against a Tier-0 enterprise application containing the “crown jewels” of the world’s largest corporations represents the apex of supply chain risk and the most significant threat to the enterprise this year. Read the full analysis.

The Strategic Takeaway: Your Industry is the Target

For CISOs, the lesson from 2025 is clear: your defensive strategy must be tailored to your industry’s specific attack surface. The pattern is undeniable: attackers are targeting the foundational, third-party software platforms that entire industries rely on. A generic security posture is not enough; you must defend against the specific TTPs that are targeting your sector’s most critical software.

Build a Resilient Defense: Defending against this constant barrage of high-severity threats requires a modern, AI-powered security platform. An **XDR platform** is essential for detecting the post-exploitation TTPs that are the hallmark of these attacks.

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About the Author

CyberDudeBivash is a cybersecurity strategist and threat intelligence analyst with 15+ years advising CISOs and security leaders on the evolving threat landscape. [Last Updated: October 08, 2025]

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