The Zombie in Your Browser: How Internet Explorer’s Ghost is Hacking PCs in 2025

Though Internet Explorer is officially “dead,” its legacy engine still lurks inside Edge. Attackers are resurrecting it to bypass modern defenses. Beware the IE ghost.

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Author: CyberDudeBivash — cyberbivash.blogspot.com | Published: Oct 13, 2025

TL;DR

IE is “dead” as a standalone browser, but its JavaScript engine (Chakra) still powers IE Mode in Microsoft Edge — and threat actors are abusing this compatibility feature.
Attack chains involve social engineering to force IE mode, then executing legacy-engine exploits to pivot out of browser sandboxes.
Defensive strategy: disable IE mode where possible, enforce strict policies, monitor for redirect/IE reload signals, and hunt for Chakra anomaly behavior. This post gives you detection plans and a hardened response playbook.

The Undead Browser: IE Lives Inside Edge

Internet Explorer as a standalone browser was retired years ago — but its engine persists under the hood as **“IE mode”** inside Microsoft Edge. This allows legacy web apps built around older technologies (ActiveX, legacy COM controls, etc.) to still function for enterprises.

In August 2025, Microsoft confirmed that threat actors exploited IE mode by tricking users into reloading in IE compatibility mode, then launching unpatched Chakra (IE’s JS engine) vulnerabilities to gain RCE.

Attack Flow: From Edge → IE Mode → System Compromise

Initial lure: spoofed site, phishing link, or malicious ad triggers a prompt to reload in IE mode.
Mode switch: browser transitions to load content with the legacy engine rather than Chromium’s hardened context.
Legacy exploit: attacker leverages memory corruption or JIT bugs in Chakra for RCE.
Sandbox escape / EoP: use secondary bugs to elevate privileges and break out of browser restrictions.
Post-compromise: deploy malware, exfiltrate data, move laterally, or persist using scheduled tasks or native services.

Why This Works So Well

Legacy attack surface: IE mode retains old engine features that lack modern isolation, sandboxing, and process separation found in Chromium.
User trickery: The reload-in-IE prompt is deceptively framed as “compatibility mode,” making user consent likely.
Bypassing modern defenses: Many security layers assume Chromium’s hardened model; switching to legacy context removes that defense barrier.
Unpatched engines: Chakra has not benefited from the same scrutiny or timely updates as modern JS engines, making zero-days more likely.

Defensive Strategy: Rip the Heart Out of IE Mode

Disable IE mode where not needed: Use Group Policy / enterprise config to block IE reloads globally or restrict to approved domains only.
Remove UI entry points: Edge has already hidden IE toggle buttons and menu links to reduce casual access.
Whitelist compatibility sites only: restrict which domains can use IE mode via policy lists.
Patch promptly: ensure all Windows, Edge, and Chakra updates are applied. The May 2025 Patch update included a Chakra/JS engine zero-day fix tied to IE mode behavior.
Hunt for mode-switch artifacts: detect navigation or reloads with IE mode flags, or user agents switching from Chromium to IE context.
Instrument browser telemetry: log usage of `x-ua-compatible`, `X-UA` headers, or “ triggers used to force compatibility.

Hunt Queries & Detection Patterns

Web server logs: requests containing query strings or headers that trigger IE mode reload hints (e.g. `?msedge-ie=reload`) or meta tags requests.
Endpoint logs: processes spawned from Edge with legacy DLLs loaded (Chakra, mshtml) or loaded modules uncommon in Chromium scenarios.
Network logs: traffic from browser to unusual endpoints after mode switch; sudden download of native scripts not expected in Chromium session.
Browser telemetry: detect context switches, `ms-edge` user agent micro-changes, or IE mode approval prompts triggered via scripts.

IR Playbook: If You Suspect IE Mode Exploit

Block further IE mode reloads: immediately disable or revoke any site’s IE mode eligibility.
Snapshot browser memory & disk: capture process memory, loaded modules, open network connections.
Inspect loaded modules: look for legacy DLLs (mshtml, Chakra) loaded in unexpected contexts.
Check persistence paths: scheduled tasks, COM registration, registry run keys, unusual services.
Rotate credentials & tokens: treat client session tokens or local stored keys as compromised.
Restore from clean state: reimage browser/OS if compromise confirmed; patch first, then re-enable safe config.
Extend monitoring window: watch for lateral movement, exfil, re-entry over at least 30 days.

Future Proofing: Beyond IE’s Ghost

As long as compatibility engines remain, attackers will probe them; move aggressively to deprecate legacy paths.
Adopt robust browser-isolation, EDR/endpoint agents that detect module injection, and context integrity checks.
Leverage CSP / content security policies to block or limit legacy features usage (ActiveX, `mshtml`).
Educate users to avoid blindly accepting prompts to reload in compatibility or IE mode.

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Closing Thoughts

The ghost of IE lives — not as a user interface, but as a compatibility backdoor inside modern browsers. Security teams must treat IE mode as a critical attack vector, especially in legacy-dependent environments. Disable, monitor, hunt, and patch — before the zombie breaks your chain of trust.

Hashtags:

#CyberDudeBivash #BrowserSecurity #InternetExplorer #IEghost #ChakraExploit #ThreatHunting #Edge #LegacyExploit

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