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Executive Summary

ModeloRAT is a newly identified, previously undocumented Remote Access Trojan (RAT) observed in active campaigns targeting Windows environments. The malware demonstrates modular design, stealth-focused persistence, and dynamic command-and-control (C2) behavior, indicating a professionally developed threat likely intended for long-term espionage, credential theft, and post-exploitation operations.

Initial analysis suggests ModeloRAT is positioned between commodity RATs and advanced persistent tooling, blending common RAT capabilities with evasion-aware engineering choices.

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 Malware Classification

Attribute	Details
Malware Type	Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
Platform	Microsoft Windows
Architecture	x86 / x64
Execution Context	User-level (Privilege Escalation optional)
Persistence	Registry + Scheduled Tasks
C2	HTTP(S) with dynamic endpoints
Obfuscation	String encryption, API hashing
Status	Undocumented / Emerging Threat

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 Infection Vector & Initial Access

Observed infection chains indicate multiple delivery mechanisms, increasing campaign flexibility.

Common Vectors

• Malicious email attachments (ZIP / ISO / LNK)
• Trojanized cracked software installers
• Drive-by downloads via compromised websites
• Loader-based delivery (dropper → payload)

Execution Flow

1. User executes initial loader
2. Loader decrypts ModeloRAT payload in memory
3. Payload injected into a trusted Windows process
4. Persistence established
5. C2 beacon initiated

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 Core Capabilities

4

 Credential Harvesting

• Browser credential extraction
• Clipboard monitoring
• Keylogging via low-level keyboard hooks
• Potential LSASS interaction (post-priv escalation)

 Remote Control

• Execute shell commands
• Upload / download arbitrary files
• Remote desktop screen capture
• Webcam & microphone surveillance (optional module)

 Data Exfiltration

• Encrypted HTTP POST requests
• Chunked data transfer to evade size-based detection
• Adaptive beacon intervals

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 Modular Architecture

ModeloRAT follows a plugin-based architecture, allowing operators to deploy only required functionality.

Known / Suspected Modules

• core.dll – main RAT logic
• grabber.dll – credentials & browser data
• spy.dll – keylogging, screen capture
• net.dll – C2 communication
• persist.dll – autorun & task scheduling

Modules are loaded on-demand, reducing behavioral footprint during idle phases.

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 Persistence Mechanisms

Techniques Observed

• Registry Run keys HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
• Scheduled Task masquerading as system updater
• Optional startup folder drop (fallback)

Persistence names mimic:

• Windows Update
• Device Manager
• Graphics Driver services

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 Command-and-Control (C2)

C2 Characteristics

• Hardcoded seed domains
• Runtime-resolved endpoints
• TLS-encrypted traffic
• Custom User-Agent strings
• Periodic heartbeat beacons

Anti-Takedown Strategy

• Domain rotation
• IP fallback lists
• Sleep-jitter to evade sandbox timing

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 Evasion & Anti-Analysis

ModeloRAT incorporates defensive awareness, although not at nation-state level.

Techniques

• API hashing (GetProcAddress avoidance)
• Encrypted strings (runtime decryption)
• Sandbox detection (sleep timing, CPU count)
• Debugger checks
• Process injection into trusted binaries

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 Indicators of Compromise (Generic)

File System

• %AppData%\Microsoft\<random>.exe
• %Temp%\mdl_<random>.bin

Registry

• Suspicious Run key entries
• Randomized task names with system-like descriptions

Network

• Repeated outbound HTTPS POSTs
• Small encrypted payloads at fixed intervals

 Final IOCs should be environment-specific and campaign-correlated.

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 Threat Assessment

Factor	Risk
Stealth	High
Impact	High
Detection Difficulty	Medium–High
Target Scope	Consumer + Enterprise
Campaign Maturity	Growing

ModeloRAT is not noisy, making it suitable for long-term access rather than smash-and-grab attacks.

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 Defensive Recommendations

Immediate Actions

• Enable EDR behavioral rules for:
  • Process injection
  • Suspicious scheduled tasks
• Monitor registry autorun locations
• Enforce least-privilege user policies

Strategic

• Network TLS inspection (where legal)
• Threat hunting for anomalous beacon patterns
• Email attachment sandboxing
• Disable macros and LNK execution where possible

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Analyst Conclusion (CyberDudeBivash)

ModeloRAT represents a new generation of quietly capable RATs — not groundbreaking individually, but dangerous in aggregate. Its modular design, persistence reliability, and evasive execution suggest active development and potential future evolution into a broader malware framework.

Organizations should treat ModeloRAT as an early-warning signal, not a one-off curiosity.

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